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If you’re studying organic chemistry or are just curious about the functional groups of organic compounds, you may have come across a priority table of said groups. It can be difficult to remember the order of these functional groups and how they relate to one another, but fear not – we’ve got a trick to help you out.

A Quick Overview of Functional Groups

Before we get into the trick, let’s quickly review the functional groups you might see in organic compounds:

  • Carboxylic acid: COOH
  • Acid chloride: COCl
  • Ester: COO
  • Amide: CONH2 or CONR2 (where R is an organic group)
  • Aldehyde: CHO
  • Ketone: CO
  • Alcohol: OH
  • Thiol: SH
  • Amine: NH2 or NHR (where R is an organic group)
  • Alkene: C=C
  • Alkyne: C≡C

The Trick to Remembering Priority Order

The trick to remembering the priority order of these functional groups is to use the mnemonic “Climb Up The Car To Ogle First Aid Kit, Stop Sipping Alcohol”.

Let’s break it down:

  • Climb: Carboxylic acid is the highest priority functional group since it contains two oxygen atoms compared to the one in all the other functional groups.
  • Up: Up next we have acid chlorides, since they are derived from carboxylic acids and contain a chlorine atom.
  • The: Esters are next in line, since they contain a carbonyl group and an oxygen, but don’t have the same acidic properties as carboxylic acids.
  • Car to: Carbonyls from aldehydes and ketones come next because they contain a carbonyl group, but without the acidic hydrogen of carboxylic acids.
  • Ogle: After carbonyls come Oximes and Guanidines, which contain a nitrogen atom and carbonyl group, and then Lactones and Lactams, which are cyclic esters and amides, respectively.
  • First: Functional groups containing nitrogen are next, starting with amines and progressing to nitro groups.
  • Aid: Aides to help remember the next set of functional groups – alkenes, alkynes, and arenes – which come after nitrogen-containing groups.
  • Kit: Ketenes and nitriles come next, both of which contain a carbonyl group and another element (carbon or nitrogen).
  • Stop: Supposed to help remember the remaining functional groups – sulfides, halides, and hydroxyl groups, which have lower priorities.
  • Sipping: The final functional group is alcohols, which have the lowest priority on the list.

A Note on Other Functional Groups

While the priority order described above is commonly used, there are other functional groups you might come across in your studies that aren’t included in the mnemonic. Here are a few examples:

  • Epoxides: These contain a three-membered ring with one oxygen and two carbon atoms.
  • Phenols: These are compounds where an -OH group is attached to an arene (aromatic ring).
  • Enols: This functional group is an isomer of ketones and aldehydes that can tautomerize into an enone.

In Conclusion

The priority order of functional groups in organic chemistry can be tricky to remember, but using the mnemonic “Climb Up The Car To Ogle First Aid Kit, Stop Sipping Alcohol” can help. Remember that this is just one way to order functional groups, and there may be other methods depending on the context.

Priority table of functional groupsPriority table of functional groups (source: Quora)

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